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We all make mistakes. Sometimes we can correct them and sometimes we can’t. Those who work in journalism have to correct their mistakes. If they don’t correct their mistakes they run the risk of losing their credibility. A journalist with no credibility is quickly unemployed.

There are those who say that there is no such thing as a small mistake. Misspelled words make the writer look careless. If a writer is careless about small mistakes, how does a reader know that the journalist quoted their source or interpreted the data correctly?

If a reporter is careless and something incorrect slips out into the world, who does the reader notify in order to get the mistake corrected? At the Washington Post, the reader turns to the ombudsman, the person who is responsible for the credibility of the newspaper.

Lately, because of budget cuts, the stories in the Post are not being edited as closely as they once were. This is not unusual in newspapers today. Internet news often does not seem to be edited at all. Inattention to detail causes readers to question the credibility of the news sources.

If readers find a news source to be without credibility, readers will seek information from other sources that they find more trustworthy. Every person who is involved in the news gathering business must be precise in presenting their information, because their readers will find every mistake.

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With all the talk of Google TV and Apple TV and integrating internet content with television content in class, I figured it was time for a brief look at the major technological innovations of TV.

1927- Philo Farnsworth patents his idea for what would be the first television.

1928- W3xK becomes America’s first television network broadcasting from suburban Washington, D.C.

1950- First TV remote control invented by Robert Adler, but it used a cable to connect with the TV, which people complained about tripping over. Remote controls would then use ultrasonics in the 1960s and moved to infrared in the 1980s

1966- Color TV becomes widely available, though first appeared during the 1950s.

1972- HBO becomes the first satellite network and the first pay-TV network.

1976- TBS by Ted Turner becomes the first basic cable network.

Big jump in time here:

2000- TiVo introduces the first digital video recorder (DVR) for TV.

Mid-2000s- HDTVs become available in wide use and networks begin broadcasting shows in HD.

June 19 2009- The date Congress set for ending all analog broadcasts and the change to all digital broadcasts.

2010– 3D TVs become widely available. Google TV and Apple TV begin to show how internet content can be combined with TV with internet Apps on TV.

What does the the future of television hold? This YouTube video provides some insight into the future and a brief look at the past.

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The Washington Post circulates to over 793,000 Northern Virginia readers as of last year.  With numbers like these, area residents might not realize that there could be another newspaper in their community.

There are numerous weekly community newspapers throughout the Virginia suburbs of Washington, DC.  Stop by Alexandria and pick up your copy of the Alexandria Gazette Packet or the Alexandria Times.  Falls Church has its own newspaper, the News-Press.  There is even a newspaper named after George Washington’s home, the Mount Vernon Gazette.

Credit: Times Community Newspapers

The Times Community Newspapers also publishes four different newspapers, serving the towns of Culpeper and Gainesville, as well as Fauquier and Loudoun counties.  They previously owned The Fairfax County Times, but this edition was sold to The Gazette, a daily newspaper in Gaithersburg, Md.

Even though there are many alternatives to major-market newspapers in the Old Dominion, these community newspapers are still subject to the decline in revenue and readership that the newspaper industry suffers from as a whole. 

The Observer, a newspaper in Herndon, ceased publication after 30 years in June 2010.  The Washington Business Journal sources the closure to financial reasons.

Other Washington-area local newspapers have combined separate, community –focused editions in an effort to recoup costs and save money. 

Media General owned two daily newspapers in Prince William County and Manassas: the Woodbridge-based Potomac News, and The Manassas Journal Messenger.  The company decided to merge both newspapers in 2008, forming the News & Messenger.

This merge was not new for Media General’s newspapers—they were printing combined weekend editions of both newspapers, with dual newspapers names on the front page, for 8 years at the time.

According to the Washington Business Journal, there were no layoffs in the Media General newspaper grouping.

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I can see your ‘Bloomer’s!

Posted by: | October 18, 2010 | No Comment |

Amelia Bloomer in the "short dress" c. 1852-1858.

Amelia Jenks Bloomer was born in 1818, in Homer, New York.  She was a teacher, who married a lawyer named Dexter Bloomer.  He had a paper called The Seneca Falls Courier, for which he encouraged Amelia to write articles. She wrote articles in support of women’s rights and prohibition.  She joined several temperance groups and women’s rights organizations, and attended the Seneca Falls Convention in 1848.

In January 1849, Amelia was encouraged by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony (women’s rights leaders) to publish her own newspaper.  The paper was called The Lily, and was devoted to women’s issues: suffrage, education, temperance, and fashion.

Amelia’s newspaper issues also helped her become part of the women’s dress reform.  She was famous for wearing full-length, billowy pants which gathered at the ankles with a short skirt over it.

An early bloomers ad.

Amelia Bloomer, the Lily

Amelia’s excessive wearing of bloomers, even after other feminists had stopped wearing them, led to her loss of credit as a women’s rights activist and her efforts were impaired.

Although she was losing popularity and support within the feminist community, she continued to publish the The Lily.  It wasn’t until her husband and she moved to Mount Vernon, Ohio, that they both decided to sell their newspapers.  A year later they moved to Council Bluffs, Ohio, where Amelia continued her dedication to women’s rights until her death in 1894.

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Another way to report the news

Posted by: | October 14, 2010 | No Comment |

Photo from Graphicshunt.comHave you ever sat back and listened to the words in the song you’re singing along to? Taken the time to hear the greater meaning then the time signature changes, the catchy rhythms and unique solos? Music tells a story, it may not be as simple as what the words say or how they match with the rhythms.

Music has become a part of our mass media, telling stories in a fashion that is impossible in print or broadcast news. It is a style that is not new to our time and has been going on for ages, music was used to protest, express and even report. It poses as a means for the story to be told and for the story to live on, in many instances the message may reach someone incapable of previously obtaining that news.

The list of songs about history is extensive and difficult to complete as everyday artist are spreading the news in their own way.

99 Luftballons by Nena
A Great Day for Freedom by Pink Floyd
Belsen Was A Gas by The Sex Pistols
Countdown by Rush
Don’t Drink the Water by The Dave  Matthews Band
Indian Sunset by Elton John
Old Judge Thayer by Woody Guthrie
Sunday Bloody Sunday by U2
Zombie by The Cranberries

Weather the song has grown in popularity, was song by a famous artist or has only been heard by a small number of the population is irrelevant, because with the internet today the story will be told over and over again to multiple nations and generations.

In 1991 Rush released their track that talks about the fall of capitalism and the Berlin Wall, “Heresy.”

In 1996 Sublime wrote “April 29, 1992 (Miami)”  a track about the riots that took place in Los Angeles in 1992 after news spread through the United States that the four police officers charged in Rodney King’s beating were acquitted; a track which to this day still stands a worthy track on many MP3 players today.

In March of 2010 The Dillinger Escape Plan released their album Option Paralysis. Track four of the album, “Crystal Morning,” refers to an anti-Jewish riot in Nazi Germany and Austria in 1938.

The Dillinger Escape Plan bassist Liam Wilson reflected on the track to The Associated Press, “This song is one of the most thematically focused songs we’ve ever written. Lyrically, it’s a reaction to and reflection on Crystal Night or Night Of Broken Glass, which was the Casus belli of sorts for German Jews at the very beginning of World War II. Musically, I think it supports itself with dark anarchist themes and a chaotic, almost self-destructive vibe to it.”

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Ephraim Kirby was an American soldier and first Superior Court judge in the Mississippi Territory, but most of all Kirby published the first court records.

Portrait of Ephraim Kirby, courtesy Encyclopedia of Alabama

According to the Connecticut Judicial Branch, “the need for a written record of court decisions developed in order to distinguish American common law from English common law.” In fact, Kirby was so brilliant he had already begun compiling court records before Connecticut legislature passed a law in 1785 requiring judges to prepare their decisions in writing.

Kirby compiled the first court records in the book, Reports of Cases Adjudged in the Superior Court of the State of Connecticut, form the year 1785, to May, 1788, with some Determinations in the Supreme Court of Errors or simply Kirby’s Reports.

Kirby prefaced his compilation with this quote:  “I have avoided technical terms and phrases as much as possible, that it might be intelligible to all classes of men.”

Title page of Kirby's Reports, courtesy of University of Connecticut of School of Law

Even back in the 18th century, Kirby had the wherewithal to try to make the court reports accessible to as many people as possible so that they could be self-aware of what was going on with the government.

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The first ethnic newspapers

Posted by: | October 14, 2010 | No Comment |

Benjamin Franklin, printed the first ethnic newspaper, Die Philadelphische Zeitung, in 1732.

The Zeitung was the first German newspaper printed in North America. Unfortunately it failed before 1732 ended.

Printing the Zeitung provided the German immigrants with a publication where they could access news easily through their own language.

Nowadays there are still German newspapers floating around the United States.

Some of them include Amerika Woche, Aufbau and  The Atlantic Times (sounds American, but it’s a free newspaper from Germany).

Cover of Amerika Woche, courtesy of www.echo-media.com

There are also several German magazines that circulate through North America including Das Fenster, German Life and German World.

Cover of German life, courtesy of www.germanlife.com

Even though there is so much news accessible throughout the world via the internet, there is still a demand for ethnic periodicals, evidenced by the still alive German newspapers and magazines.

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Why is media literacy important?

Posted by: | October 13, 2010 | No Comment |

We know why it is important to be literate. People who know how to read can learn about the world. They understand that the marks on the paper have meaning.

What is media literacy? We don’t need to know how to read to be able to watch television. Going online requires reading. Is that all media literacy is?

Media literacy is more than reading, it is more than watching news on television, it is more than getting information from websites. Media literacy is asking questions about what you are watching. It is wondering who wrote this particular blog and why.

We want to be intelligent and independent people. When we are not literate or media literate, we are likely to be manipulated into voting in ways we may not have voted or saying things that are not true because we have not bothered to check the source.

How do we become more media literate?

1.   Limit what we watch

2.   Find out whose opinions are being aired

3.   Find out why that person would want others to share in that opinion

4.   Ask questions, why is that picture there and not another?

5.   Find out what the opposing opinion is

Media literacy is less about passively taking in information and more about asking questions. It requires that we become detectives searching for the truth. The more sides to the story we know, the more we will know about the world and the more literate we will be.

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Short attention spans = fast news

Posted by: | October 13, 2010 | No Comment |

You click on the TV at 5am, 5pm and 10pm to catch your local news broadcast; your laptop is out, books are in your lap, coffee on the table, dinner being cooked, you’re constantly distracted by something and of the hour of news coming out of your TV you catch five minutes.

As our attention spans dwindle, our news needs to move just a tad faster if we are going to keep up with what is going on. While the daily presentation broadcast of TV news has not changed over the years, new venues continue to immerge allowing us to get our news fast.

Facebook allows you to obtain all of your friend’s most current “news” as quickly as you can log in. Twitter allows you to get the “news” from everyone you fallow usually as quickly as you can open your browser. Both Twitter and Facebook are accessible from just about anywhere, pull out your phone and update your status or receive everyone else’s. On both platforms it is possible to receive and send your news without a Smartphone.

But let’s be serious here, Twitter and Facebook? You’re talking about a good few minutes of reading and in many cases even filtering the newsworthy from the not. Why can’t someone just tell us the news, when and where we want and in a timely fashion? Because in reality you have better things to do with your life then search through Twitter for that 140 character Tweet from CNN about how the 29th miner has been rescued; and after finding that you will still need to click the link to the full article to get the information you need. You have better things to do then sit on Facebook and filter through all of your friend’s nonsense waste of time status updates to find out where the Conan Blimp will be next.

We need our news and we need it NOW.

[Chances are with our attention spans today, that I have already lost you; but hang on I have the answer]

YouTube is a major success on multiple levels – for us right now, it is our answer. It does not take too much savvy searching to find what you need and our News Now is literally right at our finger tips.

Check out Philip DeFranco with your celebrity news faster then TMZ

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Technology is an ever-growing and ever-expanding field in human existence, but it seems to repeat itself. I’m not saying that technology is cyclical, but that it moves across a line reaching into the future and sometimes there are certain patterns on that line that tend to repeat. Specifically, I’m referring to how people never know what to think about a new technology once it is thrown in the face of our society.

I saw “The Social Network” this weekend and aside from it being one of the best movies of the year, it got me into a discussion with my parents about new social technologies.

My mom believes that Facebook is a waste of time and did not see a use for it (don’t blame her, she’s 50 years old). She believes that Facebook, while meant to help people connect, is actually destroying people’s social skills.

I’m not one of these people that spend all day on Facebook or even leave it open in my browser while do other things. I probably only spend a total of ten minutes a day on Facebook (about the same for Twitter), and I completely disagree with her.

It seems to me that the older generation always looks down upon new technologies. I asked my mom whether her parents said something similar to her when she spent lots of time talking on the phone to her friends. That point shut up her, then my dad responded for her and supported my assertion. I then said that I’m sure when I’m 50 my kids will have some new tech way of talking with their friends that I don’t understand and believe is destroying society.

After thinking about this talk for sometime, I can see where my mom is coming from. Our social experience is rapidly moving online. Not just with social networking sites like Facebook, Twitter, or Myspace, but with nearly everything the web has to offer. Dating, shopping, journalism, entertainment, education; all of these have become an accepted part of the internet. These used to be a part of our daily physical interaction with other people. I don’t mean to get too sci-fi on you, but what if one day we’re all just shells of humans with our brains connected into the internet? Should we be a afraid of this new and relatively unexplored technology?

Information Overload!!!

Of course not. As I said before technology moves in patterns. When some new technology like radio, television, phone, or internet gets added to our collective human experience, there is always some group that believes the apocalypse will begin as a result of it. Did TV ever destroy society? Did the phone or radio destroy society? No (least not yet). And it is doubtful that the internet and social networking will cause the downfall of mankind. I for one, am not afraid, but excited and optimistic to see where social networking will lead us in the future.

(Also, if you haven’t seen “The Social Network,” I highly recommend you do.)

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Journalists today have the freedom to report the truth, without fear of reprimand from the government, or other people.  It is common to see newspapers questioning a senate vote, or a blog offering dissent for the president.  Although the First Amendment technically declared the freedom of the press, it was not always as free as it is today.

“Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.” – The First Amendment to the U.S. Bill of Rights.

The Patriotic Vanguard says that the press could theoretically be limited by access to information, prior restraint on publishing information, liability for publishing, and the requirement of reporters to disclose sources, or other information under oath in a court.

The first setback for freedom in the press after the First Amendment was written was in the Alien and Sedition Acts.  The Constitutional Rights Foundation says that the Sedition Act made it illegal for anyone to express “any false, scandalous and malicious writing” against Congress or the president.

The first person to be charged under the act was Republican Congressman Matthew Lyon, of Virginia.  Lyon criticized President Adams in a Republican newspaper, and he was sentenced to four months in jail, according to the Constitutional Rights Foundation.

President Thomas Jefferson abolished this portion of the act and made it legal for the press to criticize the government soon after he took office.

There have been other court cases that have imposed limits on, or gave more rights to, the freedom of the press, including:

  • New York Times Co. v. United States (1971) prevented the U.S. government from censoring classified information about the Vietnam War (the Pentagon Papers) in The New York Times and The Washington Post.
  • Branzburg v. Hayes (1972): In this case, the court ruled that a reporter could not refuse to testify by saying their speech is protected by the First Amendment.
  • Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier (1988): This case concluded that a high school principal, and ultimately a school board, can exercise censorship over a school-funded student newspaper.
  • Patriot Act (2001): Homefront Confidential says that the government could search newsrooms–an act that would otherwise be illegal–under the Patriot Act.

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When the television is flipped on today, or the morning paper unfolded, or the website for CNN is opened on a browser, the stories that are most likely to come up first are political. Aside from the fact that it’s election time right now, stories featuring political issues and figures are a common sight in the news.

In fact, the newspaper (in the sense of the news entity) has always kept the government accountable for its actions by keeping the public aware of what’s going on with those who are in positions of power.

One of the first American newspaper crusades was led by James Franklin, who criticized smallpox inoculations in Boston in 1721. American journalists, like Franklin, wanted to model their newspapers after the witty and elegant publications that were in Britain, however, they soon enough found a more radical voice of their own.

As more controversial stories were being printed in newspapers, owners of the publications found themselves detained and imprisoned under the sentence of seditious libel, defined by the legal free dictionary as “spoken words, pictures, signs, or other forms of communication that tend to defame, discredit, criticize, impugn, embarrass, challenge, or question the government, its policies, or its officials; speech that advocates the overthrow of the government by force or by violence or that incites people to change the government by unlawful means.

One man’s arrest would revolutionize the way that the news was reported in America. John Peter Zenger was arrested for seditious libel when he printed a document that criticized the governor of New York, William Cosby. The governor had Zenger thrown in jail and the case was brought to court where it was found that the information that Zenger had published were, in fact, true. Represented by Andrew Hamilton, Zenger was found innocent in the trial by the jury.

Zenger’s case was the first instance in which a man was found innocent solely on the basis of being correct in the information he’d reported, though seditious. This case expanded the American newspaper’s freedom to criticize and emboldened the newspapers to bring other, later injustices to account.

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