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Archive for Comm 455

History of News & Coffehouses

Posted by: | February 4, 2016 | No Comment |

There’s nothing new about a coffee shop. Since their inception they have been a place to gather, exchange ideas, and indulge. A multipurpose space, used for business meetings, interviews, dates, and in the old times (think 1700s )­– news.

from 6street.com

from 6street.com

A quick Google search highlights coffee’s roots and its journey from the Ethiopian forest to the land of Arabia where it was traded and consumed. As legend has it, coffee was discovered by a goat herder after he witnessed his flock full of energy after eating the red berries. Trying it for himself, he also experienced the effects of caffeine.

From Steve Holland via smh.com/au

From Steve Holland via smh.com/au

Fast forward to the late 1500s, and coffee has fully spread to countries like Egypt, Yemen,  and Turkey. In turn, coffeehouses quickly sprang up and created a lively atmosphere and unrivaled social scene. Where there are people, there is talk; they became the place to share information.

Soon thereafter, coffeehouses spread from Arabia to Europe.  Venice, Paris and then England.

 

Thomas Jefferson is quoted as saying ‘Coffee – the favorite drink of the civilized world’. In this case, I assume that by ‘civilized’ he meant educated or informed. As the popularity of coffeehouses rose, so did the need for them and their information. Mitchell Stephens in ‘A History of News’ quotes a newspaper from 1712 in which he describes the brewing obsession ­as,

 

a furious itch of novelty…proved fatal to many families …the meanest of shopkeepers and handicrafts spending whole days in coffee-houses, to hear news and talk politicks, whilst their wives and children wanted bread at home…’ (Stephens, pg 7)

 

He goes on to say that it is not so much the content of the news, but the obsession with being in the loop.

 

So how does this relate to us now? Surely people don’t meet in coffee shops to get the news? That statement really depends on how you define news.

 

Have you ever gone into Starbucks to find out what the song of the week and snag the free download? What are the chances that you were singular in that? Perhaps you didn’t go to Starbucks with the sole intention of knowing what the song was, but upon your arrival sought it out and even indulged if you downloaded.  Starbucks just exchanged ‘news’ with you and all this time you thought you were getting that Frappe’ alone. It’s perhaps a menial comparison but goes along the lines of what Stephens was saying when he made the argument for the need of news as opposed to the content.

 

While ‘word-of-mouth’ is still a large part of our society, we now more so rely on non-verbal ques like persuasive marketing to fuel our need for consumption. The way we communicate may have evolved, but the necessity to has not.

-J.

under: Comm 455
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Media stars then & now

Posted by: | February 2, 2016 | No Comment |

A media star is someone who is well known due to his or her regular appearances in the mass media. They are someone who engages with their audience while having some sort of influence and authoritative standpoint. When we think of media stars, we think of popular radio talk show hosts, television hosts, news reporters, and so forth. With the rise of technology and the growth of the millennial generation, our world has become more familiar with social media stars. Before we begin exploring the future of journalism and the rise of social media stars, it’s important to acknowledge a few of the most influential media stars of our time.

http://www.bloomberg.com/bw/articles/2013-07-31/an-aha-moment-oprah-winfreys-own-is-finally-profitable-dot

http://www.bloomberg.com/bw/articles/2013-07-31/an-aha-moment-oprah-winfreys-own-is-finally-profitable-dot

Oprah Winfrey is a talk show host, television producer, philanthropist and a film actress. Her international talk show, The Oprah Winfrey Show, took place from 1986 to 2011. According to biography.com, her show was broadcasted on 120 channels with an audience of 10 million people. As her televised presence became an essential routine for those watching at home, Winfrey made her ‘media star’ status one that not many would ever forget. The famous line, “Everyone gets a car!” Winfrey always made sure to inspire each and everyone of her viewers.

jay

http://www.bornrich.com/jay-leno.html

The media stars of NBC’s The Tonight Show created a legendary nightly window frame for millions of viewers at home. From Johnny Carson, David Letterman, and Jay Leno and to Jimmy Fallon, these television hosts created and revolutionized the idea of a nightly talk show. Without the presence and comedic humor of each of these narrators, the night show would not have received the attention and success on the level that it has been given. According to biography.com, the show not only leads the late-night ratings but Leno also won the Emmy Award for his performance as the host during his career. The specific type of achievement proves how influential a media star can become to the public.

While media stars and their presence continue to dominate the mass media, it is important to look at the rise of social media stars. An article in The Huffington Post titled, “Are These ‘Rising Stars’ the Future of Journalism? Yes- Yes. They Are” by Craig Kanalley, he writes, “If there’s one thing I can tell you definitively about the future of journalism, it’s that young people of the present will be the leaders of that future.” The social media networks such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Vine, and YouTube have become an addictive trend that has created six figure careers as well as a chance at fame for many young adults and teenagers.

According to the Washington Post, the article titled, “YouTube at 10: How an online video site ate the pop culture machine” by Caitlin Dewey breaks down the celebrated success story of Justin Bieber. Bieber can thank YouTube for his A-list celebrity status and multi-million dollar career. The co-founder of YouTube, Chad Hurley stated, “That’s what we’re all about, and we’re the ultimate reality TV.” When Bieber’s mother uploaded his local singing competition back when he was only twelve years old, the YouTube video has now received over 7.3 million views.

There are hundreds of other social media stars that have created quite the buzz just through a single video, picture or post. To name a few: Jenna Marbles, Tyler Oakley, Cameron Dallas, Nash Grier, and King Bach. There is even a ‘Social Media Stars Bracket’ that has been designed to show how successful each of these individuals have become and where they may be headed. Take a look- http://www.billboard.com/social-media-star/.

under: Comm 455, social media
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word-of-mouth-retro-640x400

thefinancialbrand.com

Information is constantly being passed from person to person. Whether it’s in a conversation, a text, a news article, a Facebook post, or even something as simple as a tweet, we are constantly sharing information with each other.

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britannica.com

This is not a new concept. Back in 351 b.c., this notion of passing information and news was known as word of mouth. In this year, Greek orator Demosthenes discussed Athenians obsession with word of mouth in the First Philippic, stating“Thus we all go about framing our several tales.”

While it was easy to use word of mouth back then, as populations grew, spoken word of mouth slowly became impractical for spreading accurate news. In 1700, London’s population was 670,000, which made it impossible for spoken news to spread efficiently. Imagine having to individually tell every single one of your Facebook friends about a news event. Sounds difficult, right?

But now due to the wonders of technology and social media, we have a new and more efficient version of word of mouth. News can spread incredibly fast now that we have social media.

We can now get updated details about a news event almost as soon as it happens and feel as though we were actually there. Now people can easily let their social media friends and followers know what is going on in the world, their lives, or the lives of others, and we feel as though they have whispered it right in our ears.

In fact, word of mouth, especially through social media, is being used as a successful marketing tool for many businesses. According to this Forbes article, word of mouth is the most important social media. 

Think about it, where do you go when you want a review of a product? Or how do you find out about a new business or product? The internet, and more specifically, social media. Word of mouth has now expanded from talking with your neighbor to having numerous conversations with people online to gain information. You can read reviews, have an online chat with someone, search what people are tweeting about a certain business or event, the list goes on and on.

Word of mouth has continued to transform since its first mention in 351 b.c. And with the continuous growth of social media and how we consume information, word of mouth is bound to transform even more in the future. 

 

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(shoesofprey)

(shoesofprey)

We live in an age where we know what color dress stars like Angelina Jolie wore to a red carpet event five seconds after she steps out of the limo or what Duchess, Kate Middleton is saying in an interview after her engagement in a web article, an hour later.  The internet, television shows like E! news or TMZ, and publications like the National Enquirer provide daily and sometimes hourly coverage of all things related to celebrity news and gossip.

Celebrity reporting wasn’t always available at this fast and easy pace.  In 1508, some of the very first celebrity reporting took place.

(luminarium.org)

(luminarium.org)

Mary, the daughter of Henry VII of England, was married to Prince Charles of Austria who was heir to the throne of the Holy Roman Empire.  She was 12 years old and he was eight.  The wedding was the talk of the newsbook written by Henry’s Latin secretary and printed the following year.  It was a huge deal for the treaty between England and Germany.  The coverage of their wedding ceremony provided clues to the disposition of power around the throne.  Readers’ were able to be spectacles by reading about the experience.

It comes down to the fact that we are all curious of the lives of people we know.  Though we might not know these people personally, they are still people that we ‘see’ everyday; whether it’s via the internet, television or through a publication.

People are naturally curious about major events in others’ lives.  It is the gossip that we hate to admit we love to read.

Some of the biggest news covered in celebrity news is when a beloved celebrity passes.  Michael Jackson passed in June 2009 and Robin Williams passed away August 2014.  These deaths were widely covered and talked about for days after their death actually happened. These are just two of the many celebrities that the public feels they ‘know’ and want to hear more news about.  They turn to the media to get their celebrity questions answered.

(social news daily)

(social news daily)

 

“Celebrity Journalism is like crack. Americans are addicted to it. We need to hear the Mel Gibson tapes and see Lindsay Lohan report to jail,” Huffington Post journalist, Larry Atkins said.

http://www.huffingtonpost.com/larry-atkins/why-the-media-will-always_b_662457.html

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Today when you think about salons, you probably think about places people go to have their hair polished and styled for a price. However this is not the case for what salons were in the 17th and 18th centuries.

Early French salons served as a sort of haven for exchanging and receiving information. Though salons were more than just a place for the exchange of information. During the 17th and 18th centuries, France was still under much male dominance. Salons served as a place for women to escape the tight structuring of French society, and seek out a place of freedom. Salons were a place where French women could not only show off their beauty and seduce others, but a place where they could also boast their intellectuality.

Photo courtesy of Alpha History

-Photo courtesy of Alpha History

According to the New York Times, France at this time was in an era of absolutism. Salons created a hideaway where ideas could be discussed freely without the control of the royal court. And of course, men were drawn to the salons, not only because of availability of mistresses, and women coming from nobility’s cleverest and most beautiful, but because they could talk politics without a risk.

Much credit for the origin of salons goes to Catherine de Vivonne, most well-known as Madame de Rambouillet. She was the host of hôtel de Rambouillet, her own home; a place where in the famous Blue room, nobility’s right to have a private life and live in social coexistence was protected.

Naturally because salons were created by the women, they were also centered around the women. Alpha History says that initially in the 17th century,  the main purpose of salons was to provide the opportunity for news, gossip, and information to be exchanged freely between women and men. In the 18th century, the purpose of salons matured into something more. Salons became a place for women to put their etiquette to practice while also creating a more formalized structure for women to expand their education and intellectual knowledge. The 18th century provided a time for all the information being exchanged to be debated within this safe haven, so that both women and men had a sense of outlines for arguments, debating, and plotting on information to bring outside the salons.

A book called “The Age of Conversation” by Benedetta Craveri translated by Teresa Waugh for the New York Times presented a quote: “High society women took it upon themselves to educate the men.” This means that the women were in charge. They set the rules for salons and showed men that they could be much more than their appearance of beauty.

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Writing his own stories

Posted by: | February 1, 2016 | No Comment |

“If it bleeds it leads” and in Vlado Taneski’s case, it bled profusely. Vlado Taneski was a Macedonian crime reporter who spent countless hours following a murderer who prayed on the elderly women of his town. According to The Guardian, Taneski reportedly followed a string of serial murders in the town of Tetovo. These murders included violent rapes and mutilations that were incomparable to anything the police had ever seen before. His freelance articles were quickly accepted as main pages for various newspapers in his home country. His accounts of the murders went into excessive detail, beyond that of any other newspaper in the area. These details would lead to a bizarre investigation into the life of Taneski.

Police investigators looked deeply into the accounts of Vlado Taneski, and found that his reports went far beyond the information they gave him. One such report gave a graphic story of a strangling with a phone cord known only to police. His reports warranted further investigation. Taneski was apprehended by the police for the murder of two elderly women. His DNA evidence was found on the two victims. He was also investigated for a third murder, but he committed suicide in a Totevo prison before he could face the justice system. It was found that he was responsible for the killings of  Mitra Simjanoska, Ljubica Licoska,  and Zivana Temelkoska. In addition to the murders, Taneski also housed an extensive collection of pornographic materials in one of his residences.

Along with Taneski’s bizarre alternate lifestyle, investigators found a strange pattern in his killings. All of the women that Taneski killed were all elderly cleaners, just like his mother. They also lived very close to his home. It is believed that these poor elderly women were killed because of Taneski’s torn relationship with his mother. Taneski’s father took his own life in 1990, further complicating Taneski’s familial relationships. It is hard to believe that such relationships could lead to such atrocities, but Taneski’s story is a unique one. His suicide was a final chapter in Tetovo’s book of terror. Perhaps it is bitterly ironic that the news of Taneski’s apprehension and suicide would make the front pages of newspapers throughout Macedonia.

 

under: Comm 455, newspapers
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ESPN Anchor Stuart Scott Credit:http://variety.com/2015/tv/news/stuart-scott-espn-anchor-dies-at-49-1201392080/

ESPN Anchor Stuart Scott Credit:http://variety.com/2015/tv/news/stuart-scott-espn-anchor-dies-at-49-1201392080/

Sports reporting on ESPN during the 1990s consisted of getting daily score updates, news, and gossip by predominantly white sportscasters. Although ESPN had few African American sportscasters, one changed the game of sports reporting and that man was Stuart Scott. Scott was born in Chicago, Illinois but grew up in Winston-Salem, North Carolina. He grew up around sports and attended the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, where he played wide receiver and defensive back.  Stuart Scott graduated from UNC at Chapel Hill in 1987 with a Speech Communication, BA.

After graduation, Scott worked for many local news stations as a news reporter but finally got his big break in 1993 when he joined the newly launched ESPN 2. ESPN 2 wanted to appeal to a younger audience and Scott brought a style that was fitting for a younger audience: a hip-hop style of reporting with the excitement of a fan watching their sport. Scott was quickly worked up the ranks as he was assigned to “SportsSmash” then ESPN’s “SportsCenter.” As a regular on SportsCenter with the likes of Rich Eisen and Steve Levy, Stuart Scott continued to expand his role with ESPN by being the studio host of the NBA on ESPN, coverage of the NBA Finals, Monday Night Countdown, MLB playoffs, and the NCAA Final Four. During the 2008 presidential campaign, Scott interviewed and played one-on-one basketball with soon to be elected President Barack Obama.

Stuart Scott at the SportsCenter desk. Credit: http://www.xxlmag.com/news/2014/07/stuart-scott-xxl-magazine-interview/

Stuart Scott at the SportsCenter desk. Credit: http://www.xxlmag.com/news/2014/07/stuart-scott-xxl-magazine-interview/

Stuart Scott’s style of sports reporting was unlike anyone else. His ability to combine hip-hop culture with sport was new to sports reporting and ESPN. People criticized Scott’s style of reporting and according to a a piece in USA Today in 2003, fans expressed their love and hate for his style. However, Scott continued to use hip-hop culture and is famous for his many catchphrases he used throughout his career. Those catchphrases included…

  • Boo-Yah
  • As cool as the other side of the pillow
  • He must be the bus driver cuz he was takin’ him to school
Stuart Scotts words as he accepted the Jimmy V Award. Credit: https://twitter.com/stuartscott

Stuart Scotts words as he accepted the Jimmy V Award. Credit: https://twitter.com/stuartscott

In 2007 after having an appendectomy, Scott learned that he had cancer. That did not stop Scott from working as he continued to host the NBA on ESPN. In 2011 and 2013, Scott’s cancer returned and he under went chemotherapy. At the 2014 ESPY Awards on July 16, 2014, Scott was honored with the Jimmy V Award for his courage with his battle against cancer. During his speech Scott said “You beat cancer by how you live, why you live, and in the manner in which you live.”

 

 

 

Stuart Scott's daughters, Taelor and Sydni look at the mural in their father's memory. Credit: http://www.vibe.com/2015/07/stuart-scott-mural/

Stuart Scott’s daughters, Taelor and Sydni, look at a mural honoring their father’s memory. Credit: http://www.vibe.com/2015/07/stuart-scott-mural/

On January 4, 2015, Stuart Scott lost his battle to cancer at the age of 49. His ESPN family honored him as they shared their memories of Scott. Stuart Scott will be remembered for how he changed the way sportscaster reported sports.

under: Comm 455
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RIP Elijah P. Lovejoy

Posted by: | February 1, 2016 | No Comment |

famous-quote-abolitionist-editor-elijah-lovejoy-sourceDuring the Civil War Era, tension grew between those who were pro-slavery, and those who were against slavery. After watching a slave being burned at the stake,  Elijah Lovejoy became an advocate for the abolition of slavery and published a religious newspaper called The St. Louis Observer. His editorials became very harsh towards slavery, which caused southerners and slaveholders to hate him. In 1836, his press was destroyed by a mob. Fearing the safety of his family, he moved to Alton, Illinois, the free state.

The pattern continued in Alton. He continued to write and publish, but by supporting anti-slavery and joining anti-slavery organizations, the citizens of Alton began to dislike of him too. Lovejoy continued his work against slavery, even after 3 of his presses were destroyed. Unfortunately, his passion for anti-slavery led to his death. In 1837, 20 of his supporters were helping him guard a new press. The crowd outside of the warehouse grew and tension grew. The pro-slavery mob outside began throwing rocks at the warehouse window and violence broke between both groups! One of the “enemies” climbed a ladder and set fire to the roof of the building. In efforts of trying to help the others put the fire out, Lovejoy was shot 5 times and died in the arms of his friend.

A mob forms outside of the Godfrey and Gilman warehouse, where the new press was being held, and where Lovejoy was killed.

A mob forms outside of the Godfrey and Gilman warehouse, where the new press was being held, and where Lovejoy was killed.

The mob responded by cheering and storming into the warehouse to destroy the new press. The death and story of Elijah and the other abolitionists represents freedom, thought, speech, and the press. Elijah Lovejoy died fighting for what he believed in, and because of this, the abolitionist movement was strengthened.

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Every night millions of Americans turn to their local news station to watch the evening news. According to Conan O’Brian though it seems all these stations say the same thing.

( video produced by TBS)

Of course it is not really true that these news stations are saying the same thing, but rather they are getting the story from the same source. Companies like the Associated Press and CNN Newsource produce content that is then sent out to smaller news markets that may not have the resources to cover topics like the election or business news. Some stations ( WJLA-TV in Arlington, Virginia for example) are partnered with both CNN and AP. AP also expands outside of TV as provide photography and written stories for their clients as well.

A news package from CNN or AP contains the video package it self, as well as a lead-in for the anchor to read. This is why all the newscasters in the above clip say they exact same thing before tossing to the news package about holiday shopping.

With the distribution of one story across multiple platforms, does this mean newscasters have become lazy reporters? No. In a way they are becoming better reporters. A news station in Georgia, for example, may not have the resources to send a reporter to the Iowa Caucus. If they partner with CNN Newsource, the Georgia station is then able to provide a better product for their listening area, while the Newsource reporter receives more air time and exposure.

under: Comm 455
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So many sagas!

Posted by: | January 31, 2016 | No Comment |
credit:https://www.mnh.si.edu/vikings/voyage/subset/vinland/sagas.html

credit:https://www.mnh.si.edu/vikings/voyage/subset/vinland/sagas.html

 

Sagas were created around the 11th century in the Icelandic region. The vikings used sagas to record their history, folklore, and fictions. Some sagas are filled with legends while others contain stories about the travels of vikings such as Leif Eriksson. “The Sagas of the Greenlanders” and the “Erik the Red’s Saga,” written around 986 C.E., both tell the story of the voyage of Eriksson (and others) to Vinland, otherwise known as the northern part of North America near Newfoundland. Each saga has it’s own version of the voyage

credit:http://www.webexhibits.org/vinland/archeological.html

credit:http://www.webexhibits.org/vinland/archeological.html

Not all sagas discussed true historical events. Legends and historical fiction were also recorded in sagas that give a great insight to Norse culture. Stories can be about heroic battles, family life and traditions, and Norse legends. Writings of tribal wars and voyages are written as stories to entertain the reader. This shows the enduring importance of storytelling…even if it is not spoken.

credit:http://www.yalescientific.org/2013/12/vikings-savages-or-social-butterflies/

credit:http://www.yalescientific.org/2013/12/vikings-savages-or-social-butterflies/

The creation of these written works showed a movement away from storytelling as a new way to spread news and culture. While storytelling will never truly fade out of sociey it has been pushed to the side as written news takes up th limelight.

under: Comm 455
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ethelpayne8-12

Credit: https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/ethel-paynefirst-lady-of-the-black-pressasked-questions-no-one-else-would/2011/08/02/gIQAJloFBJ_story.html

Ethel L. Payne (1911-1991) is known from the Civil Rights Era. Payne was an African-American journalist, Civil Rights leader, educator and publisher. While working at an Army special services club in Japan, Payne was discovered as a writer. Allowing a reporter from the Chicago Defender to read her journal about her experiences and those of African-American soldiers, she was able to kick-start a career for herself in journalism. In the 1950s, she moved back to her home, Chicago. In 1951, she began working full time for the Chicago Defender. In 1954 she also became the chief of the Defender’s Washington bureau.

Throughout her career Payne was able to maintain a balance between being both a journalist and an advocate. Among the various stories and issues she covered include: the Montgomery Bus Boycott; the Nigerian civil war; and in 1966 as a Vietnam war correspondent, she provided coverage of African-American troops. Payne became the first female African-American commentator to be employed by a national network when CBS News hired her in 1972.

Payne died on May 28, 1991 of a heart attack in her home in Washington, D.C. The public can see many of her belongings at the Smithsonian Anacostia Community Museum as well as her awards on display. A stamp honoring Payne was issued in 2002 at a one of the meetings of the National Convention of Professional Journalists. Designed by Fred Otnes, the stamp shows her picture and also a picture of the headline reading “The Alabama Bus Boycott” for a story that she wrote for the Chicago Defender in 1956.

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Credit: http://arago.si.edu/exhibit_417_10.html

To honor her legacy, biographer James McGrath Morris published the book “Eye on the Struggle: Ethel Payne, the First Lady of the Black Presson Feb. 17, 2015. In an interview with Gwen Ifill for PBS NewsHour, he discussed his book and how it is possible for one of the most influential journalist activists to be virtually unknown. In the interview, Morris wrote, “And the thing that her not being known today is really a legacy of segregation, in that she was iconic to a large segment of the U.S. population, but, like most black institutions, The Chicago Defender was entirely invisible to white Americans.”  The book was reviewed by Dwight Garner of the New York Times.

Payne was able to make herself truly unique in her field through the personal sacrifices she was willing to make. With her dynamic and tireless personality, she was able to tell stories that were left uncovered at a time when white men mainly controlled mainstream press.

under: Comm 455
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Modern day propaganda

Posted by: | November 25, 2014 | No Comment |

Propaganda – information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view.

From our childhood education until now, we all were taught and learned the art of propaganda used in the past for war efforts. Events such as Hitler unifying the efforts to condemn Jewish people, The U.S. entering world war II and so on.

http://www.theblaze.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/Propaganda_Wikimedia_1.jpg

http://www.theblaze.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/Propaganda_Wikimedia_1.jpg

But as time has progressed and technology developed, distribution of propaganda has changed.

In the past, propaganda had to adjust its intelligence among those it addressed. It was a form of art and expressed emotional ideas through a psychological form. There must always be a slogan, which would unify the piece and complete the effect.

However, today people have wised up to the actions of the media and government. Now the government has to be more deceitful and sly than ever before. How does the government do it? Easy. They know the “right time, right place” to express information needed as well as “wrong information, wrong time as well”

Example of this would be the attack on September 11th. The stir up feelings of the hatred of Iraq the Foreign Office issued a wide collection of documents that showed human rights abuses by Saddam. All of which were already known but brought to light at the right moment to make it appear that when the war came it was motivated by human desire. Again, It was the “right time, right place.”

Another example:

In May of 2002 Dan Rather was interviewed in Britain. He commented about the patriotism of the U.S. How journalists feared asking the tough questions about 9/11.

His broadcast in Britain never made it to the U.S.

As technology has developed the efforts of propaganda has also developed. It has gained a lot more power to affect people than it ever has before.

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