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6 May 1912, New York City: Women publicly marched the streets in the Suffrage Parade as a bold move to further the women’s rights movement and gain momentum for their cause.  These parades were only a small part of the fight for women’s suffrage which took decades to win.

Started in 1848 by Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton, the fight took many forms.  Some of the most dramatic and most publicized were these suffrage parades.  One of the most notorious was the 1913 parade in Washington, D.C.

The parade made national headlines, and word of the suffrage movement spread.  Photos accompanied the headlines, and were even used for postcards (something like social media in the early 2oth century).

The media, during this decades long struggle, played a critical role in helping women to gain the right to vote by simply covering the events that were unfolding.  In the end, it didn’t matter if the coverage was negative or positive, but it spread the message of women’s suffrage culminated in the 19th Amendment being passed in 1920.

Today, we see a similar struggle being waged in many parts of the world.  Media in all forms is being used to raise awareness of these issues.  From YouTube

to blogs in the New York Times website, headlines in the Washington Post and social media such as Facebook.

The impact that media is having on the issue of women’s rights, and has had for over more than a century is enormous.  It will only continue to grow as new forms of media and communication are developed and opened up to the public.

 

under: Comm 455, newspapers, social media, Uncategorized
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Technology wave of data

Posted by: | September 17, 2012 | No Comment |

In his article for the New York Times, Steve Lohr discusses a new wave of data-driven technology.
Our technology has surged from personal computers in the 1980s and the Internet in the 1990’s to smartphones that combine both of those technological milestones into one palm-sized device. So, what’s next?
New software will automate more tasks and help people make decisions. Ultafast databases will take advantage of rapid advances in computer hardware to help researchers find insights in the rising flood of data coming from many sources:

      -web browsing trails

 

      -sensor data

-genetic testing

 

    -stock trading

The hardware advance that makes machine-learning programs like Watson, the “Jeopardy”-winning computer and the movie recommendations on Netflix is the improvement of solid-state memory. Solid-state, or flash, memory is known by most of us as the storage technology used in our smaller devices like smartphones or music players. However, as Lohr states, this technology has now been adapted to be used in large computers, holding hefty databases in memory instead of sending data off to be stored on disk drives.

” All parts of the technology pipeline are gearing up at the same time, and that’s how you get this explosion of new application. But the software is scaling up to the task.” – Jon Kleinberg

under: Comm 455
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Without Chinese contributions to western society, news-printing and the spreading of news may have been delayed by many years. Ts’ ai Lu of the Chinese imperial court invented paper in A.D. 105. Others around this time may have attempted to create paper, but many were using raw silk. Ts’ai Lu was able to find cheaper materials to make paper, thus allowing it to spread around the world.

Photo Courtesty of Robert C. Williams Paper Museum

Without the Chinese invention of paper, newspapers and other printed materials would not be as widely circulated. Some copies of Gutenberg’s Bible were printed on parchment paper. For one copy of the Bible to be printed on parchment paper, the skin of 300 sheep were required.

Bi Sheng of China invented the moveable type during the Song Dynasty in the 11th century. He hand-carved thousands of Chinese character into clay, then baked them and used them for printing.  Because of the nature of the Chinese language, with its written language based on thousands of characters, the moveable type was not used as often as the woodblock method. This invention eventually reached Europe in the 15th century, leading to Gutenberg’s invention of the metal moveable type.

The world’s oldest printed book, a Buddhist text from 868. Photo Courtesty of http://afe.easia.columbia.edu/song/readings/inventions_gifts.htm

 

under: Comm 455
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The Dark Ages were a time of religious suppression and conflict that occurred from 400 to 1000 A.D. It was marked by a lack of innovation and advancement, corruption within the Catholic church, and struggles between Christianity and Islam.

The two major world religions have been at odds ever since. In recent news, the U.S. has come under intense scrutiny for an anti-Islamic cartoon, depicting the prophet Mohammed as a womanizer and murderer. Besides the offensive portrayal, artwork of the prophet is prohibited in the Muslim faith.

The film has been endorsed by several right wing Evangelical Christians, but it has caused mass riots, protests, and even deaths in the Middle East. Four Americans were killed in an attack on the U.S. Embassy in Libya last week. Islamic terrorist organizations such as Al Qaeda have condemned the U.S. for the film and are urging fellow Muslims to rise up in protest.

A jihad, or Holy War, has been brewing in the Middle East for ages. The U.S. has been in the midst of this tension ever since the Persian Gulf War, arguably even before then. All the intolerance and hatred for people of other faiths so prevalent in the media is reminiscent of the Crusades that took place during the Dark Ages. Diplomacy and education, carried out largely by the media, is essential in preventing this conflict from escalating into even more violence.

This brings up one of our questions — is the media’s job to report objectively or lead the people? For the sake of promoting peace and tolerance, it’s time for the media to step up and go with the latter.

under: Comm 455
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What the World Sees First

Posted by: | September 17, 2012 | No Comment |

“President Shot Dead,” “Attack on America” “Berlin Wall Crumbles”

Headlines like these have been fed to the world since the beginnings of the press and media in general. Always being a front page story, significant news stories that shape the world are the first thing a reader sees when he or she picks up a newspaper or turns on the news on the television.

It can be seen everywhere in the media. In newspapers, on news television channels, on Twitter and Facebook and more. Big story reporting is the mainstay of the media and press.

Recently, the attack and killing of four American citizens — including U.S. Ambassador to Libya Chris Stevens — on the U.S. Embassy in Benghazi, Libya on the anniversary of 9/11 has led to heightened reporting on the situation. It comes as no surprise, however, that such an important international story has been given so much attention.

Muslim Protesters in Pakistan

Reporting on big stories doesn’t necessarily have to come from important current news, though. New York Times journalist Derek Willis explains that journalists could go about digging deeper to find the big stories rather than stumbling upon them from current events. This is probably mainly useful for uncovering tax records of presidential candidates and other stories of this nature.

Big story reporting, for now, refers to what is happening in the world. What is the most important aspect of the news. This is what will get the biggest headline and the most attention.

under: Comm 455, Uncategorized
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William Lloyd Garrison (1805-1879) was an American abolitionist, social reformer, and publisher of the pro-abolition newspaper: the Liberator. Garrison was unique for his time by demanding “immediate emancipation” of all slaves.

William Lloyd Garrison biography.com

Using the Liberator as his voice, Garrison spread his convictions all across the North (his newspaper was not sold in the south). In his very first editorial, Emerson declared “I am in earnest — I will not equivocate — I will not excuse — I will not retreat a single inch — AND I WILL BE HEARD.”

And heard Garrison was, though the subscription of the Liberator never exceeded 3,000 subscriptions, his message spread across the United States, and was used as ammunition by abolitionists up until the Civil War came to a close in 1865.

After Lee’s surrender at Appomattox and the Union victory, Garrison closed the liberator and focused on other issues such as women’s rights and temperance. The Liberator, and Garrison, however, will forever be known in the annals of American media as the loudest voices of abolition.

under: Comm 455
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The pen is the tongue of the mind

Posted by: | September 17, 2012 | No Comment |

Today everyone has the ability to be a journalist thanks to social media. If you want to post about the protests in the Middle East or just simply want to gossip about someone’s outfit gone wrong we can do that after stroking a few keys.

However, the ability to publish one’s thoughts was not always a given. The Licensing  Act of 1662 did not allow anyone to publish books or newspapers unless they were licensed by the Stationers Company. If you did not abide by the proper licensing rules you could potentially face imprisonment.

This legislation wasn’t initially renewed in 1679 and a wide variety of newspapers took advantage of that. Benjamin Harris was among the publishers that utilized the lapse of legislation and published the first local newspaper for colonies in 1690 entitled Publik Occurrences, Both Foreign and Domestick. In his paper he stated his thoughts about the military and this did not please the government The governor and council of the colony of Massachusetts closed the paper down after one issue.

                                                                                                                     Courtesy of history.org

The Licensing Act allowed the government to control what information was given to the people. Thankfully as Americans that’s not something we have to deal with on a daily basis, however some countries are still struggling with that right.

The Licensing and Press Act ended permanently in 1690 after the Glorious Revolution making it more difficult to control the content that newspapers provided. Ths gave journalists the power to publish things that they never would have been able too before.

It’s crazy to think about a time when my words would have needed government approval before I could publish them. Sometimes it’s good to take a look back and acknowledge that the things you take for granted were not always rights for the people that came before you.

under: Comm 455
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“What was the Dean’s main point about the French Revolution?” Professor Klein asked.

The overall class answer was that the press didn’t cause the French Revolution…it contributed to it.

Without the press in 18th century France there would have been no revolution. From 1631-1750 the press was very small and controlled by the government. It was in the 1740’s, however, when this began to change. Philosophes, the Enlightenment and the American Revolution offered novel ideas to the French people.

The French monarchy was censoring the press drastically. Dean Jack Censer stressed that the reason the French government was so able to control the press so much was that newspapers were (and are) printed often. The government could more effectively impede the distribution of newspapers as opposed to books—which are printed one time only.

He even made it a great point to mention how Panckoucke made periodicals less controversial—taking the sensationalized aspects out.

French Revolution Battle

It was when Napoleon became the dictator of France that the number of papers decreased, due to his heightened censorship laws. Other nations besides France controlled the spread of news through the press as well. While France practiced censorship, England exercised licensing and the United States employed libeling.

“All 3 countries went about exerting some sort of control or protection [over the press],” Professor Klein said.

So what was the Dean’s main point? The censorship of the press and sensationalized periodicals were both huge contributing factors to the French Revolution.

under: Comm 455, newspapers, Uncategorized
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With the advent of  newspapers, Americans were given the information they craved on a daily basis. With papers covering politics, economics and social events, citizens of the 50 states were fed the valuable information they craved. Yep, immigrants too!

With periodicals starting to gain a large following in the late 19th century, newbies to the U.S. had to find a way to gain their much needed news as well. Thus, the immigrant press came to light. With the innovation, those who had traveled overseas chasing the “American Dream” were able to read the highlights from their communities and their homelands in their native languages. By WWI, over 1,300 non-English newspapers were available to the masses of immigrants. They catered to more than 34 groups including the Germans, Chinese, Italians and Polish.

Immigrant and ethnic newspapers opened a door for a new voice in a new country. The “melting pot” of a nation truly melted together when written word was finally able to spread across cultures. .

 

Photo courtesy of Indiana University

under: Comm 455
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According to Daily News, news regarding Supreme Court sub judicecannot be tampered with – or rather, completely ignored — in specific cases.

“No guidelines can be framed across the board to regulate media reporting of sub-judice matters,” said Chief Justice of New Dehli, S.H. Kapadia,  “Finding an acceptable constitutional balance between free press and administration of justice is a difficult task in every legal system.”

Unlike the U.S. Constitution’s First Amendment, freedom of speech is notprotected for the people of New Delhi. Any type of free speech in New Dehli that may infringe on others’ public rights is subject to be questioned, investigated, and qualified as lawful or unlawful under the courts’ scrutiny.

“Right to freedom of expression under the First Amendment in the US is absolute which is not so under the Indian constitution in view of such right getting restricted by the test of reasonableness and in view of the heads of restrictions under Article 19(2),” said a New Delhi Judge.

Though the courts of New Delhi seem to be aware of the limitations of social/judicial media, they are not adverse to the potential of fill political and religious freedom of speech.

under: Uncategorized

A little over two years ago on March 30, 2010, two brothers, Jamal Blakeney and Kevin Blakeney-Attaway, were shot while walking home from a funeral on South Capitol Street, Washington DC. DC has become unfortunately infamous for its violence; just under ten years ago, the dreaded and forever horribly remembered DC Sniper shootings took place that left us feeling in a very worried and unsafe state.

It was a Tuesday night when this gruesome event took place. Lavenia Attaway, mother of the two boys, received a call for her son Kevin telling her he and his brother, Jamal, had been shot. When she asked how Jamal was, Kevin could not answer.

Fearing the worst, she was supremely happy to find that both her sons were alive. However, Kevin, after being shot in both the hip and head, is on a very slow, but sure road to recovery. His injuries have put him on a journey to become himself once again, as he has been re-learning how to speak and walk for the last two years with little success.

Lavenia and son, Kevin, on the long, but hopeful path to recovery

“God I stand on your word. You told me I would not lose another son like this; and last night, I stood on your word. I walked on South Capitol St. and prayed and I believe that you sent me an angel.” These are Lavenia’s words in reaction to both her sons being alive.

In 2002, her son Lawrence died at 19 from a gun shot wound to the head and in 2008, her son Maurice was sent to prison for 20 years on an assault charge.

The 5 men responsible for the shootings are scheduled to be sentenced in D.C. Superior Court and could very easily (and rightfully) face life sentences for their crime. A jury previously found them guilty in May of murder and other related offenses.

Jamal, being shot in the back, has made a full recovery, but has declined any interviews.

Lavenia Attaway knows that Kevin’s mental limitations as a result of this may be lifelong, but she is simply grateful that her baby boy is still alive and able to hug his mother; no doubt, her guardian angel is smiling right above the two of them as they embrace.

under: Comm 455
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Paperboy blues

Posted by: | September 11, 2012 | No Comment |
Newsies

photo credit: popwatch.ew.com

By: Jessica Farley

As Christian Bale once demonstrated in the cult classic “Newsies,” being a paper boy is not a job to be taken lightly.

For years, the paperboy has been a symbol of hard work, youthful determination, and American values. However, in today’s world of Kindles and Twitter, the paperboy is rapidly becoming nothing more than a symbol of nostalgia.

With more and more consumers switching to electronic or online outlets as their source of news, the demand for paperboys has steadily dwindled. This past May, the Audit Bureau of Circulations revealed in its semiannual circulation report that The New York Times’ daily digital circulation now exceeds its daily print circulation by approximately 27,000 readers. Moreover, between 2003 and 2008, the annual circulation rate for daily papers dropped over 3 percent- and 4.5 percent for Sunday editions.

Conversely, major US news sources, like the aforementioned New York Times, have seen an increase in overall circulation rates, which include both digital and print outlets.

I think it is safe to say that the paperboy will be joining the milkman and meatman in the realm of “Obsolete American Occupations.”

…Let’s just hope, for the sake of young workers everywhere,  Apple Inc. doesn’t come up with a way to have your iPhone walk the family dog.

under: Comm 455
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